If all shares are extinguished, the company effectively ceases to exist. This can happen in: Liquidation – When a company is dissolved, all shares are extinguished, and assets are distributed.…

Extinguishment – Shares are permanently canceled and removed from the company’s share capital. Delisting – Shares are removed from stock exchanges but may still exist in shareholders' demat accounts (unless…

Capital Gains Tax – If the extinguishment happens due to a buyback, shareholders pay capital gains tax on the difference between the buyback price and the original purchase price. Merger/Amalgamation…